In what way has knowledge of the contextual Essays

In what way has knowledge of the contextual Essays In what way has knowledge of the contextual Essay In what way has knowledge of the contextual Essay this, possibly above all other Shakespeare dramas, is inextricably linked to the wider field of society and civilization. As many observers have pointed out ( Kermode, 1990 [ 1 ] ; Coursen, 2000 ; Vaughan and Vaughan, 1991 )The Tempestis best seen as a complex web of changing socio-political and cultural concerns that each adds to the overall dramatic sense of the drama [ 2 ] . With this in head, in this essay I would wish to concentrate on three specific countries that I feel are synecdochic with the larger socio-political dramatic purpose. First, I would wish to look at the character of Caliban and particularly how it relates to colonial discourses in the in-between portion of the 16th century and the early portion of the 17th century. Then I will travel on to look at impressions of Catholicism, particularly as it relates to recent arguments refering Shakespeare’s ain line of descent and the content of Prospero’sEpilogueand, eventually, I will look at the little but revealing image of Miranda and Ferdinand’s game of cheat in the last Act and how this relates to issues of sovereignty and the political plant of Thomas More. All of these countries, although disparate, are connected non merely in the political orientation of the drama but to the wider societal scene of early Jacobean England. As Vaughan and Vaughan province in their surveyShakespeare’s Caliban( 1991 ) , the portrayal of Caliban inThe Tempestis built-in to an apprehension of many of the socio-political influences of the drama: â€Å"Caliban. In modern poesy he is a repeating symbol for the victimization of Third World people. In the theater he can be anything the manager imagines, from amphibious to punk rocker to black militant.† ( Vaughan and Vaughan, 1991: 3 ) Commensurate with this, the writers place the historical roots of Caliban steadfastly in the find of America and its native people. For Vaughan and Vaughan, as for many others, the image of Caliban as the obscene other to the learned Prospero or the filmy Ariel, is evidently drawn from modern-day histories of native Americans. Trinculo’s averments in Act II, Scene II seem to bare this out: â€Å"†¦there would this monster make a adult male ; any unusual animal there makes a adult male: when they will non give a doit to alleviate a square mendicant, they will put out 10 to see a dead Indian.† ( Act II, Scene II ) As Kermode tells us ( 1990 ) this makes direct mention to the exhibiting of native Americans in England by adventurers and showmen like Martin Frobisher and George Weymouth ( Bissell, 1925: 56 ) . This impression is compounded farther by Trinculo’s holding Caliban an â€Å"islander† ( Act II, Scene II ) . As a dramatic concept, Caliban comes near to the portrayal of Montaigne in hisOn Cannibals( 1993 ) , in fact Vaughan and Vaughan suggest that the name Caliban, itself, could be a portion anagram, portion bastardization of the term ‘cannibal’ . Montaigne’s essay is, in some sense typical of many early and mid Enlightenment preparations of the ‘savage’ or ‘man in a province of nature’ . For Montaigne, as for Shakespeare through Caliban, autochthonal people represented non merely an other but a distillment of expulsed traits, both good and bad, from the complications of tribunal society, as Montaigne says: â€Å"They spend the whole twenty-four hours dancing. Their immature work forces travel hunting after wild animals with bows and pointers. Some of their adult females employ themselves in the interim with the heating of their drink, which is their rule duty.† ( Montaigne, 1993: 111 ) This is some of the blissful ignorance we detect in the character of Caliban who, aside from being the animal of load for both Prospero and Trinculo and Stephano displays a natural exuberance at times: â€Å"Caliban: I’ll show thee the best springs ; I’ll pluck thee nerries ; I’ll fish for thee, and acquire thee wood sufficiency. A pestilence upon the autocrat I serve1 I’ll bear him no more sticks, but follow thee, Thou wonderous man.† ( Act II, Scene II ) This last transition, nevertheless, high spots a aspect of the Elizabethan and Jacobean consciousness and attitude towards the freshly found autochthonal people. The overruling sense, throughout the drama, sing Caliban’s character is one of servitude, of merrily being ruled and conquered by foreign colonists [ 3 ] . This is besides reflected in histories such as Bartolome de las Casas’On the Indians, published in 1552: â€Å"The Roman Pontiff, canonically chosen vicar of Jesus Christ and replacement of St. Peter, has the authorization and the power of Christ himself, the boy of God, over all work forces in the universe, trusters or infidels.† ( Englander, Norman, O’Day and Owens, 1990 ) It is no great thematic leap to compare the Godhead right of apostolic sovereignty over the native people of the Americas with the images of Caliban’s bondage inThe Tempest[ 4 ] . This point forms the footing of much Margaret Paul Joseph’s survey of colonial discourses in Carribean literature,Caliban in Exile( 1992 ) , in which she besides equates the relationship of Caliban and Prospero with colonial servitude: â€Å"Thus it comes about that Shakespeare gives Prospero an island to govern and Caliban a maestro to function. It besides comes about that Prospero and Caliban thereby provide us with a powerful metaphor for colonialism. An outgrowth of this reading is the abstract status of being Caliban, the victim of history, frustrated by the cognition of arrant powerlessness.† ( Paul Joseph, 1992: 2 ) If Caliban is the obscene addendum to the white European Renaissance society, Prospero is its exemplar. As Harold Bloom provinces ( 2000 ) , Prospero is, in many ways a complex of many Shakespearean heroes and tragic figures ; he has the air of tragic royalty as shown inRichard II, he resembles, to some extent the Duke inAs You Like Itand has some of the degage adulthood of the same inTwelfth Night. However, as David Beauregard states in his essay â€Å"New Light on Shakespeare’s Catholicism† ( 1997 ) , Prospero is, in many ways, symbolic of Shakespeare himself and it is theEpilogueto the drama that reflects this most. As Kermode states theEpiloguetoThe Tempestis â€Å"at the bosom of the contention refering the reading of the drama as personal allegory† ( Kermode, 1990: 133 ) nevertheless, as we shall see, it besides has a great trade to state us about modern-day socio-politics. Prospero’s place in the play is that of usurped victim to Antonio’s political maneuvering: â€Å"With all honours, on my brother: whereon, A unreliable ground forces levied, one midnight Fated to th’ intent, did Antonio open The Gatess of Milan ; and I’th’ dead of darkness, The curates for th’ intent hurried hence Maines and they shouting self.† ( Act I, Scene II ) Kermode asserts that line 131 here, that makes reference of the â€Å"ministers† refers merely to â€Å"those who are employed† ( Kermode, 1990: 17 ) , nevertheless we can besides observe the twinning, in this really early subdivision of the drama of the socio-politics of the Milanese tribunal with faiths persecution and ejection. A point David Beauregard makes with mention to theEpilogue: â€Å"In general, the text of Prospero s epilogue shows a consistent usage of these interlacing theological footings and philosophies. The cardinal dramatic position of a adult male confronting concluding desperation and appealing for alleviation to intercessory supplications to put him free from his mistakes or wickednesss is decidedly non Protestant.† ( Beauregard, 1997: 1 ) Beauregard points to cases of Catholic traditional knowledge and wording in the Epilogue every bit good as the overall subject of wickedness and requital within the play ; a leitmotiv he associates with a Catholic scruples. The last line, for case, with its usage of the word â€Å"indulgence† , as Beauregard states reflects the many Catholic piece of lands go arounding at the clip of the play’s production, texts such Robert Bellarmine’sAn Ample Declaration of the Christian Doctrinethat besides, as Beauregard states makes reference of the nature of the â€Å"captive soul† by wickedness ( Beauregard, 1997:1 ) . The erudite Prospero is besides brooding of the erudite James I ( Coursen, 2000: 19 ) and the connection of Miranda and Ferdinand, representative of the two houses of Milan, can be seen as symbolic of the promise of peace between Protestant and Catholic under Jacobean kingship [ 5 ] . The elusive relationship between Catholic and Protestant at this clip is neatly summed up in Churchill’sA History of the English Speaking Peopless: â€Å"The Jesuits who had assailed Elizabeth were almighty in Rome, and replied with many volumes assailing his right to the throne. The air seemed charged with secret plans. James, although inclined to acceptance, was forced to move. Catholics were fined for declining to go to the services of the Established Church and their priests were banished.† ( Churchill, 1980: 118 ) TheEpilogue, so, can be seen as a encomium to Catholic-Protestant peace through art and supplication: â€Å"†¦.Now I want Liquors to enfore, Art to enrapture ; And me stoping is desperation, Unless I be reliev’d by prayer.† ( Epilogue ) In some ways it can believe of as appealing straight to James I [ 6 ] , biding the late crowned King to with wisdom and â€Å"gentleness† , as does Prospero, in unifying the two cabals, symbolized in the relationship between Miranda and Ferdinand. The seminal scene, of class, having Ferdinand and Miranda comes portion manner through Act V, Scene I and is heralded with the phase waies: â€Å"Here Prospero discovers Ferdinand and Miranda playing chess† ( Act V, Scene I ) As Kermode points out ( 1990, 122 ) this is â€Å"one of the comparatively rare mentions to chess in Shakespeare† so we could deduce, possibly, that it is of import to the socio-political dogmas of the drama. There are literary reverberations of Shakespeare’s usage of cheat in Thomas Middleton’s 1625 dramaA Game of Chess( Middleton, 1999 ) , where the Jacobean evocation of socio-politics with game playing is apparent from the Prologue: What of the game called chess-play can be made To do a stage-play, shall this twenty-four hours be played. First you shall see the work forces in order set, States and their pawns, when both the sides are met, The houses good distinguished, in their game Some work forces entrapped and taken, to their shame† ( Middleton, Prologue ) In a clip of political mutual opposition, with Protestant levies to the Crown and Catholic secret plans on parliament, the symbolism of two opposing warring cabals was disposed. Chess, as a cultural symbol besides features in Thomas More’sUtopia( 1965 ) and has been seen, by many observers as an of import influence on Shakespeare’s usage inThe Tempest( Neilson, 1956 ; Friedman, 1957 ) . Ferdinand and Miranda are non so much symbols of a Crown and a state reunited but of the promise of such. Prospero’s island, wracked with storms and turbulency, peopled by creative persons ( in the signifier of Ariel ) , monsters, saps, buffoons, wise work forces, male monarchs and rummies is a clear symbol for England in the early portion of the Seventeenth Century. In many ways,The Tempestis a fitting drama for a new century ; it exists as non so much socio-political fable but psychosocial exegesis. The psychological aspirations and wants of Shakespeare are instilled in two of the play’s most unmarked characters, Miranda and Ferdinand who have, over the many old ages of critical thought on the drama been ignored mostly in favor of Ariel, Prospero and Caliban. However, as we have seen, they provide us with non merely the romantic psyche of the piece but the political bosom. If Prospero is symbolic of Jacobean wisdom, the two lovers are symbols of a united state where truth and security is found through common trust and apprehension: â€Å"Miranda: Sweet Lord, you play me false. Ferdinand: No, my dearest love, I would non for the world.† ( Act V, Scene I ) As we have seen, so, a cognition of modern-day socio-politics and civilization is non merely good to an apprehension ofThe Tempestbut, virtually, built-in to it. However this must ever be tempered with an grasp of the psychological motives of the writer. It is besides merely through an grasp of modern-day arguments that we hope to compare Shakespearean play to our ain societal and political climes. At the beginning of a new millenary we are, possibly, ideally situated to appreciate the many socio-political leitmotivs in the drama, the many poetic figure of speechs environing the impression of get downing once more and new skylines. Prospero’sEpilogue, every bit good as being a veiled mention to Catholic absolution and indulgence is a anthem to political mildness and integrity, it is merely in such a clime can art and literature genuinely flourish: â€Å"Unless I reliev’d by supplication, Which pierces so, that it assaults Mercy itself, and frees all mistakes. As you from offenses would pardon’d be Let your indulgences put me free.† ( Epilogue ) Mentions Beauregard, Daniel ( 1997 ) , â€Å"New Light On Shakespeare’s Catholicism: Prospero’s Epilogue in The Tempest† , published inRenaissance Essays on Values in Literature Vol. 49 Bissell, Benjamin ( 1925 ) ,The American Indian in English Literature of the Eighteenth Century, ( New Haven: Yale University Press ) Bloom, Allan and Jaffa, Harry ( 1964 ) ,Shakespeare’s Politicss, ( London: Basic Books ) Bloom, Harold ( 2000 ) ,Shakespeare’s Love affairs, ( London: Chelsea House ) Churchill, Winston ( 1980 ) ,A History of the English Speaking Peopless: Vol. II The New World, ( London: Bantham ) Coursen, H.R ( 2000 ) ,The Tempest: A Guide to the Play, ( London: Greenwood Press ) Englander, David, Norman, Diana, O’Day, Rosemary and Owens, W.R ( explosive detection systems ) ( 1990 ) ,Culture and Belief in Europe 1450-1600: An Anthology of Beginnings, ( London: basil Blackwell ) Joseph, Margaret Paul ( 1992 ) ,Caliban in Exile: The Outsider in Caribbean Fiction, ( London: Greenwood imperativeness ) Kamps, Ivo ( 1995 ) ,Materialist Shakespeare: A History, ( London: Verso ) Mannoni, O ( 1956 ) ,Prospero and Caliban: The Psychology of Colonization, ( London: Methuen ) Middleton, Thomas ( 1999 ) ,Womans Beware Women and Other Plaies, ( Oxford: Oxford University Press ) Montaigne, Michel De ( 1993 ) ,Essaies, ( London: Penguin ) More, Thomas 1965 ) ,Utopia, ( London: Penguin ) Neilson, Francis ( 1956 ) ,Shakspere and the Tempest, ( London: Richard Smith ) Shakespeare, William ( 1990 ) ,The Tempest: Arden Edition, Kermode, Frank ( erectile dysfunction ) , ( London: Routledge ) Tanner, J.R ( 1952 ) ,Constitutional Documents of the Reign of James I: A.D. 1603-1625, ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ) Vaughan, Alden and Vaughan, Virginia mason ( 1991 ) ,Shakespeare’s Caliban, ( Cambridge, Cambridge University Press ) Wiltenburg, Robert ( 1987 ) , â€Å"The Aeneid and The Tempest† , published inShakespeare Survey 39. 1

Descriptive Statistics of a Data Source Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Descriptive Statistics of a Data Source - Essay Example The research reported in this journal article presents a non-parametrical assessment of data on global free trade agreements and their potential effects on the international trade flow based on a statistical assessment of the number and revenues generated from bilateral trade agreements established during the timeframe beginning in 1960 when few FTAs were negotiated, until 2000, when their existence began to dominate global trade policies. The authors concluded that this analysis of the correlation between these two parameters produced a useful and relevant estimate of the effects of FTSa on bilateral trade as a representative of a more generalised international profile. The data suggested that the absence of FTAs has become an increasingly negative economic burden on nations who lack such agreements in regard to their trading position on a bilateral basis. The variables chosen for evaluation are: 1. Log sum of revenues for nations with FTAs; 5 year interval calculations 1960-2000; 2. Log sum of revenues for nations without FTAs, 5 year interval calculations 1960-2000; 3. Difference in log sum values for nations with and without FTAs as a function of time; 4. total number of FTAs worldwide for 5 year intervals ranging from 1960-2000. The data represented in Figures 1-5 indicate that there was a positive correlation between the overall increase in the total number of FTAs globally and the disadvantage to nations not participating in FTAs in regard to the revenues generated by bilateral trade agreements. Overall, the results are suggestive that the increasing trend toward establishing FTAs affects other types of trade agreements, specifically, BTAs.

Negotiations and Conflict Resolution in Sports and Entertainment Research Paper

Negotiations and Conflict Resolution in Sports and Entertainment - Research Paper Example There have been times when proper rights do not get provided which results in an outcry among the employees of the industry. The history of formation contracts can be dated back from 1960s and early 1970s when Major League Baseball Player Association (MLBPA) entered into the scenario. Introduction of players association also enabled sports agent to enter into the games and then with the passage of time, in late 1990s the trend of sports agencies or more renowned as sports agency firms started and afterwards many players joined several sports agencies and today all big names in sports have some kind of affiliation or connection with sports agencies. Players like Roger Federer, Tiger Woods, Maria Sharapova have affiliation with Octagon. NFL, NBA, NHL, MLB have affiliations with IMG. there are many other stars having their own agents who negotiate with different organizations and producers on different issues (Ferrand, Torrigiani, & Povill, 2007). Having a contract is one of the legal way to form an agreement or relationship between the organization and the person. Therefore celebrities as well as players need to have form agreements with the organization. Contact is important because it defines the rights and obligation of both the parties involved. And in this way one can avoid different conflicts and negotiate with each other in more effective and efficient manner. With the introduction of third parties like agents and sport agency firms along with the popularity of different sports and celebrities because of extensive coverage of media, at the same time more investors and organizations are ready to make investment in sports and media, the bargaining power of players, athletes and celebrities have increased a lot against organizations and sponsors. Therefore now players, celebrities and athletes demand a lot more than before. Previously associations used to pay after making the players and celebrities

My First Assignment as an Executive Assistant Essay

My First Assignment as an Executive Assistant - Essay Example At the same time, such responsibilities extend and uphold the interest of the company that works in collaboration with other insurance companies. Costs of services are then considered to be in conjunction with a pre-approved limit that carries an effective balance of duties and responsibilities. Similarly, certain conflicts arise when the balance is distorted and medical errors in the clinical institution attracts a situation in stark comparison to the ethics and laws that the company stakeholders believed in while protecting their best interests. Conflict of laws certainly worked against the achievement of a certain purpose especially where reduction results to decreased quality of service against a continuum of care provided for the patient. The question of, sacrificing and allowing cost to impede the quality of service provides as the main considerable conflict in the case. Superficially, we can identify the surface conflict within the principles of business ethics that Chris is tasked to investigate and create certain essential components and probable solutions within the scope of his study. It is a proven fact that the highly technical gadgets in the health industry costs formed a considerable amount of money as investment. Stakeholders expect to maintain appropriate cost control factors against an affordable health program commonly available for all. Yet, every labor force knows the hardships encountered just to maintain a scenario that best creates a win-win solution between the patient and family and the health provider. It is but difficult to consider such factors especially when cost drivers associates the prescription drugs cost, current medical; device, government mandates an litigation and risk management and the future of the health industry and its day-to day operations. Competition has also allowed creating a surface conflict where levels of services are in question against the actual cost of service for the public. In its entirety, the deepest conflict lies within the maintenance of a certain balance on the cost of service that cuts unnecessary expense without sacrificing the quality to create a competitive streak within the industry. Such provisions are questioned when a shift or a disproportioned share is seen inside the business community and its clients. As a move to improve the situation, the health industry has opposed the government mandates that demonstrate a stark outweighing of costs. The business sector has provided that certain rules should be subjected to cost analysis that eradicates any mandate which outweighs the standards. Prices of drugs and medicines are enjoined for availability at reasonable prices. At the same time, the government has provided that insurance providers may be encouraged to provide a variety of plans affordable to employer and employees. Similarly, the government has pushed for certain resolutions that looked into possible disputes caused by the tighter security around health insurance program ensuing social struggles (National Coalition on Health Care, 2005). It has realized

Francis Scott Fitzgerald Essay -- essays research papers

Francis Scott Fitzgerald   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald is known as one of the most important American writers of his time. He wrote about the troubling time period in which he lived known as the Jazz Age. During this era people were either rich or dreamt of great wealth. Fitzgerald fell into the trap of wanting to be wealthy, and suffered great personal anguish because of these driving forces. I have chosen to write a term paper on F.Scott Fitzgerald. The goal of this presentation is to show F. Scott Fitzgerald's life through his defeats and triumphs and how these situations affected his life as a writer. Fitzgerald's life started in the Midwestern part of the United States. On September 24, 1896, he was born in St. Paul, Minnesota. F. Scott Fitzgerald was of Irish heritage on both sides and was distantly related to Francis Scott Key, for whom he is named, and to Maryland aristocracy. His parents, Edward Fitzgerald of the Glen Mary Farm near Rockville, Maryland and Mary McQuillan of St. Paul wed February 13, 1890 in Washington, D.C. Fitzgerald' s maternal grandfather was a very successful wholesale merchant. His grandfather's early death and his father's inability to keep a job, forced the family to be extremely dependent on the wealth of his grandfather's estate. Fitzgerald attended the St. Paul Academy as a child. In 1911 he entered the Newman School in Hackensack, NJ. Growing up with a father who was out of work and who relied on his wife's inheritance gave Fitzgerald a mixed feeling of guilt and shame and yet he felt love for both his parents. These inner conflicts in his early life could have contributed to his inability to manage his finances, along with his constant obsession of gaining extreme wealth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fitzgerald later went to Princeton University, where writing and football were his main interests. It was there that he met friends Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bishop. Fitzgerald was too small to play football so he joined a fraternity called the triangle club, the second most prestigious cliche on campus, football being first. After Princeton, Fitzgerald was quoted as saying to a friend â€Å"I want to be the greatest writer who ever lived don't you (Bruccoli, 1981).† In 1917, Fitzgerald joined the army and prepared to fight in World War I. It was soon after his mobilization that he sold his fir... ... ceaselessly into the past† (Grolier Encyclopedia, 1993). Showing his failed attempts to reach back into the past made him into someone who felt he had no control upon his destiny, because it could never be as successful as his past. He did know that his work would have a permanent claim upon the American Literary World. Fitzgerald's life mirrored his novels. His live was filled love and tragedy. He pursued his dreams, and in real life, often lived those dreams. He longed to capture his youth and its purity. He produced thousands of short stories, often times to support their frivolous lifestyles as well as to tell their stories. Many scholars have critiqued his work and their desire to interpret Fitzgerald's work line the shelves of libraries. The Great Gatsby is a Great American Classic in which hundreds of thousands of copies are sold each year to high school and college students every where. Much of his work has been translated into 35 languages. It's ironic that more of Fitzgerald's books are sold every year than were sold during his lifetime. Sometimes it takes more than a lifetime to reach your goals and Fitzgerald found a way to accomplish his goals without living forever.

How did the two World Wars affect Africa and Africans Essay

There were different implications and effects that were caused by the World War I and II to African and Africans as well. Many lives were lost and many were rendered useless. Though there are a lot of things that were achieved during this period, there are others that brought about great problems to people. In 1940, German armies were motivated to believe that Africans were in deed their enemies and there was a need to address the issue. With engaging in war with France, and France had several blacks in their army, they were the main target and they were being killed more than their white counterparts. German was fighting people who were below the Nazi, or who Nazi believed they were mutilating their colleagues (Raffael, 596). The effects of the war brought both the positive and negative effects to Africans and Africa as well. Nazi hierarchy had already begun to kill those who they thought were below their Aryan. This was a great suffering for Africans because they were being killed mercilessly. Even they are among their French counterparts, there was no African who was captured and imprisoned but instead they were killed. The other problem was that the Geneva regulations were not applicable to Africans. This was because, the Nazi rule and theory was that the rules were only applicable to the whites but not Africans, thus raising another effect to the African as they were killed without any word or anyone to defend them. Though there were some of the German militaries who were supporting Africans and defending them, those who were Nazified had not respect to Africans. This helped the African soldiers show their heroism as they were trying to defend themselves and in most cases being placed in the front line in the battle, they had to try their best and defend their combat. They believed that African culture believed that whenever an African gets his enemy, he would use coupe-coupe, which was believed was a deadly weapon compared to other short range weapons. They also believed that Africans were already on the attack positions and they would not hesitate attacking their rivals. They used this as a justification of killing Africans (Raffael, 600). In Africa, Africans had already learnt that there is nothing special with the whites and there is nothing whites can do blacks cant do. Africans developed resistant powers and they were now defending their land against occupation by whites. Africans were fighting for freedom and independence. This was not going well with whites in Europe as the information they were getting is that Africans are mutilating their people, raping their women and killing others. This brought about the justification of the Germans illegal activities of killing blacks and mutilating them ‘This charge became an ob- session of some German officers and soldiers and helped to justify the killings of black soldiers and the no-quarters policy in some battles with the’ (Raffael, 600). Most of the African Countries, though they had already suffered a lot, they had already started fighting whites and they managed to get their independence and have their own governments without of the colonial rules.

Rock N Hip, Hop N Roll, and the Integration of Music...

Anne Toronto Trend Analysis Final Copy Ms. Johnson CIS English Hour 5 Rock ‘n’ Hip, Hop ‘n‘ Roll, and the Integration of Music in Popular Culture Prelude From bell bottoms to Barbies, every generation has its own distinct trends. While various fads have cropped up in each era, music has always been a key element of culture. Starting in the 1950’s, music became integrated within the American culture as the favored form of expression. The popular types of music found on the Top 100 lists today however, have changed dramatically since then. What has promoted this obvious change in music choice? While rock ‘n’ roll still holds its own in the music billboards of 2010, the general public now prefers the mechanical sounds of hip hop and†¦show more content†¦Most songs told of lovers, yearning for each other in some type of sense. This theme reflects the attitudes of teenagers in the 1950’s, as this was the first generation people were allowed to marry for love. Women had more freedom to travel into the workplace and finally be on equal grounds with their husbands. Husbands did not have to leave their wive s for war. Children had more autonomy as parents no longer dictated who and when they were going to love. However, as this freedom was increasingly integrated into American culture over time, the amount of love related songs dramatically dropped. In 1966, only 69.5% of produced songs were about love and courtship (Carey 723). Rock ‘n’ roll provided the perfect form of expression in the 1950’s. It combined lyrical ties to radical social changes and catchy rhythms unique to its generation. What’s Hip Now? The change tearing through America in the 1950’s persists to this day. 2010 has brought a busier, more materialistic, culture than ever before. The trends of women working outside of the home and increasing teenage autonomy persists. American teenagers are given more discretionary time than ever before in history. Reed Larson studied this continuing trend and explains, â€Å"If we look back over the past 200 years, the most striking historic change in young people’s use of time is that youths spend much less time on labor activities today than they did in America’s agrarian past† (160). Some teenagers useShow MoreRelated The Social Realities of Rock ?n? Roll?s Birth and the Teenager3334 Words   |  14 Pages Research Proposal: The Social Realities of Rock ‘n’ Roll’s Birth and the Teenager The story of the birth of rock ‘n’ roll has a mythical quality to it. It speaks of racial barriers bridged through the fusion of Afro-American musical styles with white popular music in 1950s America. Not only did white record producers and radio disc jockeys market Afro-American artists, but white artists began to cover their songs, as well as incorporate Afro-American style into their own song writing. 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